If a result is statistically significant at alpha = 0.05, what must be true about the p-value?

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If a result is statistically significant at alpha = 0.05, what must be true about the p-value?

At a 5% significance level, significance is declared when the p-value is at most 0.05. The p-value is the probability, under the null hypothesis, of observing data as extreme as what was actually observed (or more extreme). If that probability is 0.05 or smaller, there is enough evidence to reject the null at 5% risk of a false positive. So the p-value must be less than or equal to 0.05 to be considered statistically significant at alpha = 0.05. A p-value greater than 0.05 would not be significant, and a p-value exactly 0.05 is included in the typical criterion for significance.

At a 5% significance level, significance is declared when the p-value is at most 0.05. The p-value is the probability, under the null hypothesis, of observing data as extreme as what was actually observed (or more extreme). If that probability is 0.05 or smaller, there is enough evidence to reject the null at 5% risk of a false positive. So the p-value must be less than or equal to 0.05 to be considered statistically significant at alpha = 0.05. A p-value greater than 0.05 would not be significant, and a p-value exactly 0.05 is included in the typical criterion for significance.

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